Search results for "kognitiivinen psykologia"

Decreased intersubject synchrony in dynamic valence ratings of sad movie contents in dysphoric individuals

2021

Emotional reactions to movies are typically similar between people. However, depressive symptoms decrease synchrony in brain responses. Less is known about the effect of depressive symptoms on intersubject synchrony in conscious stimulus-related processing. In this study, we presented amusing, sad and fearful movie clips to dysphoric individuals (those with elevated depressive symptoms) and control participants to dynamically rate the clips’ valences (positive vs. negative). We analysed both the valence ratings’ mean values and intersubject correlation (ISC). We used electrodermal activity (EDA) to complement the measurement in a separate session. There were no group differences in either t…

Cognitive Dispositions in the Psychology of Peter John Olivi

2018

This chapter discusses Peter John Olivi’s (1248–1298) conception of the role of dispositions (habitus) in sensory cognition from metaphysical and psychological perspectives. It shows that Olivi makes a distinction between two general types of disposition. Some of them account for the ease, or difficulty, with which different persons use their cognitive powers, while others explain why people react differently to things that they perceive or think. This distinction is then applied to Olivi’s analysis of three different psychological operations, where the notion of disposition figures prominently; estimative perception, perceptual clarity, and the perception of pain and pleasure. The chapter …

Symbol, Munch and creativity: metabolism of visual symbols

2010

In this dissertation the relationship between visual symbols and creative thinking is studied through visual, textual and conceptual analysis. The first part of the work focuses on the concept of symbol, the second part on the imagery of Edvard Munch (1863–1944), and the third part on creative thinking. The problematics of visual symbols is approached through the concept of metabolism by assuming that both perceivable and non-perceivable properties of symbols can transform when symbols are used. Because visual symbols are frequently understood as conventional signs with fixed meanings, their perceivable properties are easily ignored. However, symbols can also be unconventionally used, for e…

Williams-aikuisten kognitiivinen profiili ja yksilöiden väliset erot

2001

Kauhun anatomia : reaktioaikatutkimus kuvataiteen kauhua herättävistä elementeistä kognitiivisen ikonologian näkökulmasta

2016

Tässä poikkitieteellisessä tutkielmassa kartoitetaan tilastoanalyysiä ja laadullista analyysiä hyödyntäen, millaiset visuaaliset tekijät kuvassa mahdollisesti saavat katsojan tekemään kuvasta voimakkaan kielteisen, kauhistuneen tulkinnan. Kauhu käsitetään tässä kognitiivis-emotionaalisena prosessina, johon kuuluu tunnepitoisten kohteiden havaitsemista ja niiden prosessointia, joka voi näkyä käytöksessä havainnoitavina piirteinä. Kauhua herättävien tunnepitoisten kohteiden voidaan olettaa aiemman tutkimuksen perusteella olevan varsin samankaltaisia katsojien yksilöllisistä eroista riippumatta. Tähän liittyen tutkimuksen taideteoreettisena viitekehyksenä toimivat kognitiivinen ikonologia sekä…

Cognition in Interaction : Challenges in Assessing Persons with Sensory and Multiple disabilities

2021

This article reports a qualitative study of cognitive assessments of three teenagers with sensory and multiple disabilities, including moderate to profound developmental disability. The aim was to evaluate the possibilities for adapting standardized tests and the implementation of interactional partnership in assessment. Cognitive assessments were made with an individually-adapted psychological assessment tool, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. The assessment situations were video-recorded and analyzed based on sociocultural theories of early interaction, dynamic assessment, and the bodily-tactile modality of cognition. The results showed that the requirements for assessm…

Activity level in left auditory cortex predicts behavioral performance in inhibition tasks in children

2022

Funding Information: We are grateful to Hanna-Maija Lapinkero, Suvi Karjalainen, Maria Vesterinen & Janne Rajaniemi for help with data collection and to Amit Jaiswal, Erkka Heinilä and Jukka Nenonen for their help with preprocessing and scripting. This work was supported by EU project ChildBrain (Horizon2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (MSCA) Innovative Training Network (ITN) – European Training Network (ETN), grant agreement no. 641652) and the Academy of Finland grant number 311877. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Sensory processing during development is important for the emerging cognitive skills underlying goal-directed behavior. Yet, it is not known how auditory processing in children is…

Diagnostinen kuntoutustutkimus kehityksellisessä dyskalkuliassa; tapaustutkimus

2002

Visual search in graphical interfaces : a user psychological approach

2003

Marketta Niemelä yhdistää väitöskirjassaan käyttäjän psykologian tutkimusta ihmisen ja tietokoneen välisen vuorovaikutuksen tutkimukseen. Ei riitä, että tunnetusta psykologiasta irrotetaan soveltuvaa detaljitietoa käyttöliittymien suunnittelun tueksi, vaan käyttäjää on pystyttävä ymmärtämään syvällisemmin, jotta pystytään suunnittelemaan helppokäyttöisiä tietokoneita. Ihmistä on tutkittava silloin, kun hän toimii tietokoneen kanssa.Marketta Niemelä painottaa käyttäjäpsykologista näkökulmaa käyttöliittymien tutkimuksessa. Erityisesti ihmisen psykologisen tiedonkäsittelyn periaatteiden tunteminen on tärkeää. Tiedonkäsittelypsykologia eli kognitiivinen psykologia tutkii muun muassa ihmisen hav…

The impact of retro-cue validity on working memory representation: Evidence from electroencephalograms.

2022

Visual working memory (VWM) performance can be improved by retrospectively cueing an item. The validity of retro-cues has an impact on the mechanisms underlying the retro-cue effect, but how non-cued representations are handled under different retro-cue validity conditions is not yet clear. Here, we used electroencephalograms to investigate whether retro-cue validity can affect the fate of non-cued representations in VWM. The participants were required to perform a change-detection task using a retro-cue with 80% or 20% validity. Contralateral delay activity and the lateralized alpha power were used to assess memory storage and selective attention, respectively. The retro-cue could redirect…